صدف
আরবি সম্পাদনা
ব্যুৎপত্তি সম্পাদনা
From the root ص د ف (ṣ-d-f)].
ক্রিয়া সম্পাদনা
صَدَفَ (ṣadafa) I, non-past يَصْدِفُ (yaṣdifu)
- (transitive, construed with direct object and عَن (ʿan)) turn away from
Conjugation সম্পাদনা
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
صَدْف ṣadf | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
ṣādif | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
maṣdūf | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ṣadaftu |
ṣadafta |
صَدَفَ ṣadafa |
ṣadaftumā |
ṣadafā |
ṣadafnā |
ṣadaftum |
ṣadafū | |||
f | ṣadafti |
ṣadafat |
ṣadafatā |
ṣadaftunna |
ṣadafna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʾaṣdifu |
taṣdifu |
yaṣdifu |
taṣdifāni |
yaṣdifāni |
naṣdifu |
taṣdifūna |
yaṣdifūna | |||
f | taṣdifīna |
taṣdifu |
taṣdifāni |
taṣdifna |
yaṣdifna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʾaṣdifa |
taṣdifa |
yaṣdifa |
taṣdifā |
yaṣdifā |
naṣdifa |
taṣdifū |
yaṣdifū | |||
f | taṣdifī |
taṣdifa |
taṣdifā |
taṣdifna |
yaṣdifna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʾaṣdif |
taṣdif |
yaṣdif |
taṣdifā |
yaṣdifā |
naṣdif |
taṣdifū |
yaṣdifū | |||
f | taṣdifī |
taṣdif |
taṣdifā |
taṣdifna |
yaṣdifna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | iṣdif |
iṣdifā |
iṣdifū |
||||||||
f | iṣdifī |
iṣdifna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ṣudiftu |
ṣudifta |
صُدِفَ ṣudifa |
ṣudiftumā |
ṣudifā |
ṣudifnā |
ṣudiftum |
ṣudifū | |||
f | ṣudifti |
ṣudifat |
ṣudifatā |
ṣudiftunna |
ṣudifna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʾuṣdafu |
tuṣdafu |
yuṣdafu |
tuṣdafāni |
yuṣdafāni |
nuṣdafu |
tuṣdafūna |
yuṣdafūna | |||
f | tuṣdafīna |
tuṣdafu |
tuṣdafāni |
tuṣdafna |
yuṣdafna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʾuṣdafa |
tuṣdafa |
yuṣdafa |
tuṣdafā |
yuṣdafā |
nuṣdafa |
tuṣdafū |
yuṣdafū | |||
f | tuṣdafī |
tuṣdafa |
tuṣdafā |
tuṣdafna |
yuṣdafna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʾuṣdaf |
tuṣdaf |
yuṣdaf |
tuṣdafā |
yuṣdafā |
nuṣdaf |
tuṣdafū |
yuṣdafū | |||
f | tuṣdafī |
tuṣdaf |
tuṣdafā |
tuṣdafna |
yuṣdafna |
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Arguments সম্পাদনা
Arguments are as follows (only the first numbered argument is mandatory):
|1=
: Mandatory. Conjugation type, usually just e.g.I
orIV
; see below.|2=
through|6=
: Radicals and (for form I) past and non-past vowels; see below. Radicals are normally omitted, and will be inferred from the headword. Past and non-past vowels are used only in form I.|I=
,|II=
,|III=
,|IV=
: Alternative way of specifying radicals using named rather than numbered arguments. Radicals normally do not need to be given, and will be inferred from the headword.|vn=
: Specify the verbal noun(s). Separate multiple verbal nouns by commas or by the Arabic comma (، (,)). Verbal nouns are required for form I, but need not be specified for other forms except in the rare cases where such a verb has an irregular verbal noun.|passive=
: Ifimpers
, verb has impersonal passive (only 3rd singular masculine parts); ifonly
, verb has only passive parts, no active; ifonly-impers
, verb has only impersonal passive parts (only 3rd singular masculine passive parts, no others and no active parts); otherwise, if should beyes
,y
,true
or1
(verb has a passive) orno
,n
,false
or0
(verb has no possive). If omitted, default is normally yes, but default is no for forms VII, IX, XI - XV, IIq - IVq, and form I with past vowel u (except for hollow verbs), and default is impersonal passive for form VI.|intrans=
: Rarely needs to be specified. Should beyes
,y
,true
or1
(verb is intransitive) orno
,n
,false
or0
(verb is transitive). If omitted, default comes from the value of|passive=
: If|passive=no
,|passive=impers
or|passive=only-impers
then intransitive, otherwise transitive.|variant=
: Only used with the verb حَيَّ (ḥayya) or حَيِيَ (ḥayiya) "to live". Value isshort
(produces حَيَّ (ḥayya)),long
(produces حَيِيَ (ḥayiya)),both
(produces both forms).|noimp=
: Suppresses imperatives with1
.
The meaning of arguments |2=
through |6=
depends on the form.
Form I সম্পাদনা
|2=
: past (aka perfect) vowel (a
,i
oru
).|3=
: non-past (aka imperfect) vowel (a
,i
oru
).|4=
or|I=
: First radical.|5=
or|II=
: Second radical.|6=
or|III=
: Third radical.
Past and non-past vowels should normally be included, although they have sensible defaults that work in many cases, especially with final-weak verbs (see below). Radicals are usually omitted and will be inferred from the headword and (in some cases) the past/non-past vowels. In a very few cases, radicals must be included (in particular, with form I hollow verbs with a non-past vowel of a), and an error will be thrown if they are omitted.
Multiple past and/or non-past vowels can be given, separated by commas. This is useful when a verb has alternative conjugations involving different vowels. See the example below of فَرَدَ (farada) or فَرُدَ (faruda) "to be single". (Not all alternative conjugations can be specified this way; an example would be a verb that takes either the past/non-past vowels a/u or i/a. There would in any case be no clear way of indicating such an alternation in a single conjugation table. The solution is to include more than one conjugation table.)
Other triliteral augmented forms (form II through XV) সম্পাদনা
|2=
or|I=
: First radical.|3=
or|II=
: Second radical.|4=
or|III=
: Third radical.
Radicals can be omitted in all cases. In some cases there is an ambiguity in choice of radical (e.g. in hollow and final-weak verbs, and some form VIII sound verbs), but in these cases all choices produce identical conjugations.
Quadriliteral forms (form Iq, IIq, IIIq or IVq) সম্পাদনা
|2=
or|I=
: First radical.|3=
or|II=
: Second radical.|4=
or|III=
: Third radical.|5=
or|IV=
: Fourth radical.
Radicals can be omitted in all cases, as above.
ক্রিয়া সম্পাদনা
صَدَفَ (ṣadafa) I, non-past يَصْدِفُ (yaṣdifu)
Conjugation সম্পাদনা
verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر |
صَدْف or صُدُوف ṣadf or ṣudūf | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
ṣādif | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
maṣdūf | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ṣadaftu |
ṣadafta |
صَدَفَ ṣadafa |
ṣadaftumā |
ṣadafā |
ṣadafnā |
ṣadaftum |
ṣadafū | |||
f | ṣadafti |
ṣadafat |
ṣadafatā |
ṣadaftunna |
ṣadafna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʾaṣdifu |
taṣdifu |
yaṣdifu |
taṣdifāni |
yaṣdifāni |
naṣdifu |
taṣdifūna |
yaṣdifūna | |||
f | taṣdifīna |
taṣdifu |
taṣdifāni |
taṣdifna |
yaṣdifna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʾaṣdifa |
taṣdifa |
yaṣdifa |
taṣdifā |
yaṣdifā |
naṣdifa |
taṣdifū |
yaṣdifū | |||
f | taṣdifī |
taṣdifa |
taṣdifā |
taṣdifna |
yaṣdifna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʾaṣdif |
taṣdif |
yaṣdif |
taṣdifā |
yaṣdifā |
naṣdif |
taṣdifū |
yaṣdifū | |||
f | taṣdifī |
taṣdif |
taṣdifā |
taṣdifna |
yaṣdifna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | iṣdif |
iṣdifā |
iṣdifū |
||||||||
f | iṣdifī |
iṣdifna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | — | — | صُدِفَ ṣudifa |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | — | — | yuṣdafu |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | — | — | yuṣdafa |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | — | — | yuṣdaf |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — |
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Arguments সম্পাদনা
Arguments are as follows (only the first numbered argument is mandatory):
|1=
: Mandatory. Conjugation type, usually just e.g.I
orIV
; see below.|2=
through|6=
: Radicals and (for form I) past and non-past vowels; see below. Radicals are normally omitted, and will be inferred from the headword. Past and non-past vowels are used only in form I.|I=
,|II=
,|III=
,|IV=
: Alternative way of specifying radicals using named rather than numbered arguments. Radicals normally do not need to be given, and will be inferred from the headword.|vn=
: Specify the verbal noun(s). Separate multiple verbal nouns by commas or by the Arabic comma (، (,)). Verbal nouns are required for form I, but need not be specified for other forms except in the rare cases where such a verb has an irregular verbal noun.|passive=
: Ifimpers
, verb has impersonal passive (only 3rd singular masculine parts); ifonly
, verb has only passive parts, no active; ifonly-impers
, verb has only impersonal passive parts (only 3rd singular masculine passive parts, no others and no active parts); otherwise, if should beyes
,y
,true
or1
(verb has a passive) orno
,n
,false
or0
(verb has no possive). If omitted, default is normally yes, but default is no for forms VII, IX, XI - XV, IIq - IVq, and form I with past vowel u (except for hollow verbs), and default is impersonal passive for form VI.|intrans=
: Rarely needs to be specified. Should beyes
,y
,true
or1
(verb is intransitive) orno
,n
,false
or0
(verb is transitive). If omitted, default comes from the value of|passive=
: If|passive=no
,|passive=impers
or|passive=only-impers
then intransitive, otherwise transitive.|variant=
: Only used with the verb حَيَّ (ḥayya) or حَيِيَ (ḥayiya) "to live". Value isshort
(produces حَيَّ (ḥayya)),long
(produces حَيِيَ (ḥayiya)),both
(produces both forms).|noimp=
: Suppresses imperatives with1
.
The meaning of arguments |2=
through |6=
depends on the form.
Form I সম্পাদনা
|2=
: past (aka perfect) vowel (a
,i
oru
).|3=
: non-past (aka imperfect) vowel (a
,i
oru
).|4=
or|I=
: First radical.|5=
or|II=
: Second radical.|6=
or|III=
: Third radical.
Past and non-past vowels should normally be included, although they have sensible defaults that work in many cases, especially with final-weak verbs (see below). Radicals are usually omitted and will be inferred from the headword and (in some cases) the past/non-past vowels. In a very few cases, radicals must be included (in particular, with form I hollow verbs with a non-past vowel of a), and an error will be thrown if they are omitted.
Multiple past and/or non-past vowels can be given, separated by commas. This is useful when a verb has alternative conjugations involving different vowels. See the example below of فَرَدَ (farada) or فَرُدَ (faruda) "to be single". (Not all alternative conjugations can be specified this way; an example would be a verb that takes either the past/non-past vowels a/u or i/a. There would in any case be no clear way of indicating such an alternation in a single conjugation table. The solution is to include more than one conjugation table.)
Other triliteral augmented forms (form II through XV) সম্পাদনা
|2=
or|I=
: First radical.|3=
or|II=
: Second radical.|4=
or|III=
: Third radical.
Radicals can be omitted in all cases. In some cases there is an ambiguity in choice of radical (e.g. in hollow and final-weak verbs, and some form VIII sound verbs), but in these cases all choices produce identical conjugations.
Quadriliteral forms (form Iq, IIq, IIIq or IVq) সম্পাদনা
|2=
or|I=
: First radical.|3=
or|II=
: Second radical.|4=
or|III=
: Third radical.|5=
or|IV=
: Fourth radical.
Radicals can be omitted in all cases, as above.
বিশেষ্য সম্পাদনা
صَدَف (ṣadaf)
Declension সম্পাদনা
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | صَدَف ṣadaf |
الصَّدَف aṣ-ṣadaf |
صَدَف ṣadaf |
Nominative | صَدَفٌ ṣadafun |
الصَّدَفُ aṣ-ṣadafu |
صَدَفُ ṣadafu |
Accusative | صَدَفًا ṣadafan |
الصَّدَفَ aṣ-ṣadafa |
صَدَفَ ṣadafa |
Genitive | صَدَفٍ ṣadafin |
الصَّدَفِ aṣ-ṣadafi |
صَدَفِ ṣadafi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | صَدَفَيْن ṣadafayn |
الصَّدَفَيْن aṣ-ṣadafayn |
صَدَفَيْ ṣadafay |
Nominative | صَدَفَانِ ṣadafāni |
الصَّدَفَانِ aṣ-ṣadafāni |
صَدَفَا ṣadafā |
Accusative | صَدَفَيْنِ ṣadafayni |
الصَّدَفَيْنِ aṣ-ṣadafayni |
صَدَفَيْ ṣadafay |
Genitive | صَدَفَيْنِ ṣadafayni |
الصَّدَفَيْنِ aṣ-ṣadafayni |
صَدَفَيْ ṣadafay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَصْدَاف ʾaṣdāf |
الْأَصْدَاف al-ʾaṣdāf |
أَصْدَاف ʾaṣdāf |
Nominative | أَصْدَافٌ ʾaṣdāfun |
الْأَصْدَافُ al-ʾaṣdāfu |
أَصْدَافُ ʾaṣdāfu |
Accusative | أَصْدَافًا ʾaṣdāfan |
الْأَصْدَافَ al-ʾaṣdāfa |
أَصْدَافَ ʾaṣdāfa |
Genitive | أَصْدَافٍ ʾaṣdāfin |
الْأَصْدَافِ al-ʾaṣdāfi |
أَصْدَافِ ʾaṣdāfi |
বিশেষ্য সম্পাদনা
Declension সম্পাদনা
Descendants সম্পাদনা
- → আর্মেনীয়: սադաֆ (sadaf)
- → আজারবাইজানি: sədəf
- → জর্জীয়: ზადაპი (zadapi)
- → কাজাখ: седеп (sedep)
- → কিরগিজ: седеп (sedep)
- → Middle Armenian: սատապ (satap, “սատափ”)
- → উসমানীয় তুর্কি: صدف (sedef)
- → ফার্সি: صدف (sadaf)]
- → পশতু: صدف (sadáf)
- → তুর্কমেনীয়: sadap
- → উইঘুর: سەدەپ (sedep)
- → উজবেক: sadaf
বিশেষ্য সম্পাদনা
صَدْف (ṣadf)
Declension সম্পাদনা
বিশেষ্য সম্পাদনা
- صُدْفَة-এর বহুবচন
ফার্সি সম্পাদনা
ব্যুৎপত্তি সম্পাদনা
আরবি صَدَف (ṣadaf) থেকে [[পরিশিষ্ট:শব্দকোষ#|]].
উচ্চারণ সম্পাদনা
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /saˈðaf/
- (Dari Persian) IPA(key): /saˈdaf/
- (Iranian Persian) IPA(key): /sæˈdæf/
বিশেষ্য সম্পাদনা
صدف (sadaf) (plural صدفها (sadaf-hâ)])
নামবাচক বিশেষ্য সম্পাদনা
صدف (sadaf)
- a নারী মূলনাম, Sadaf, from আরবি